Another spontaneous lesion of the Reebok Zigfuel rat lung, recognized by These examining rat lungs for many years, has recently begun to attract more attention. The lesions Reebok Easytone Shoes appear grossly as small graytowhite spots on the pleural surface of the lungs. AlTheugh they are usually mm or less in diameter, these spots may be larger and are most easily seen when the lung is allowed to collapse before fixation. When the lung darkens in the fixative the spots appear to be ele­vated flecks of fat. While macroscopically most obvious in the sub pleural location, microscopically foci of foam cells may be found throughout the lung parenchyma. If particularly searched for, these spots will be found in most of the rats of certain strains. In frozen sections stained with Sudan IV the foam cells Reebok outlet  are seen to contain varying amounts of fat. Some of the cells may contain a few granules of pigment. Newberne et al. have reported that these cells also stain positively for phosphotides and cerbrosides. In a more advanced stage there may be fibrosis and cholesterol clefts. Beaver et al. have described a similar lesion Reebok Zigtech in germ free rats fed certain deficient diets. These investigators found in­creased amounts of phospholipid and cholesterol in lungs of affected animals. Gellatly has stated that lesions are more severe in rats fed an essential fattyaciddeficient diet. Gross et al. have reported a similar but more severe condition in rats receiving aerosols of finely divided antimony trioxide. Yang et al. em­phasize the presence of mast cells in and around the lesions. It would seem to us that this is a naturally occurring lesion of the rat that may be aggravated by a number of experimental procedures. Waddell et al. have described a similar lesion in man which they designate chronic interstitial pneumonia, cholesterol type and which others call endogenous lipoid pneumonia. Padula and Stayman have recently reported two cases in man and have reviewed the literature. It is well known that lipidladen Discount Reebok Shoes Cheap Reebok Zigtech macrophages accumulate in the lungs of rats fed cholesterol, and Waddell et al. have demonstrated increased amounts of lipid in areas of inflammation in the lungs of hyperlipidemic rabbits. Nicol and Cordingley have shown that the lung is an Important excretory route for the reticuloendothelial system in rats. Another organ commonly found to be diseased in the old rat is the kidney Figures and. Here, too, the understanding of the processes responsible lags behind knowledge of the morphological changes. Even in this latter category there is considerable dis­agreement. Some investigators believe that the tubular lesions Reebok High Top Women Reebok Shoes appear first and that the glomerular changes are secondary, and others have presented evidence for glomerular changes preceding the tubular changes.

In the late stages it is, as in any endstage kidney, Reebok High Top Women Reebok Shoes difficult to determine which may have preceded the other. Various auThers refer to the disease as glomerul one phri­tis, progressive glomerulonephrosis, chronic nephritis, and nephropathy. Whatever the name, kidney lesions are very common in most strains of old rats. Snell has found differences in the prevalence of renal disease in six inbred strains of rats. Proteinuria has been studied by Perry. He states that the protein in the Reebok Easytone Shoes urine of young male rats actually originates in the prostate gland, but the protein fraction that increases with age cor­responds to the serum proteins. Berg notes that the degree of proteinuria corresponds to the severity of the renal lesions and that both increase with age. The urine of rats bearing a prolactin and growth hormone secreting mammosomatotropic tumor contains large amounts of protein similar to serum proteins. It is of interest that Reebok Zigfuel the kidneys are usually enlarged in the spontaneous disease, whereas in experimental pyelonephritis the kidney is shrunken. Renal lesions, similar to These occurring in the aged rat, can be produced experimentally by several seemingly unrelated manipu­lations. Kennedy, in a review of age and renal disease, lists the following five means of producing the lesions: obesity due to hypo thalmic lesions and overeating, highprotein diets, unilateral ne­phrectomy, and Reebok Zigtech administration of growth hormone. The effects of dietary changes in protein levels on the incidence of the disease has been studied often. In Newburgh and Curtis found that if rats were fed a diet high in protein, especially beef muscle or liver, severe kidney damage developed. They postulated that an excess of some amino acid was responsible for these changes. More recently, the effects of various Discount Reebok Shoes Cheap Reebok Zigtech combinations of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins have been studied,. The results of these experiments indicate that the relative levels of carbohydrates, pro­teins, and calories are involved in the production of this disease. The appearance of the disease occurs about months earlier in extremely obese rats with hypothalmic lesions. A similar accelera­tion of the process Reebok outlet  occurs following unilateral nephrectomy, and if one combines these two meTheds extreme lesions appear very early. Treatment of young rats with growth hormone for only a few days results in a higher incidence of lesions earlier in their life­span. If whole thyroid extracts are fed with a diet relatively high in protein, renal damage occurs within days after initia­tion of the diet. Rats fed a potassiumdeficient diet for weeks, and then returned to adequate dietary levels, develop severe progres­sive renal lesions within months. The pa The genesis of these changes is still unknown.

 title page in the years of the Restoration, the action centres Reebok High Top Women Reebok Shoes on Jesuyo, the idealistic wife of General Astarloa, exiled for his republican sympathies. She rashly decides to set off a planned anti monarchist uprising before her husband arrives to lead it. The revolt is quickly suppressed by General Villacampa, who has had advance warning ond proceeds in the third act to lure Astarloa into collaboration with the Government. The play is concerned primarily with Jesuy’sA political commitment, her decision to encourage the local people to start the uprising prematurely, and her response to its failure. History is thus represented as being shaped largely by the actions of individuals. Beneath the surface of the drama played out between the active protagonists, however, lies Rodriguez Mendez’s Reebok Zigfuel Reebok outlet  central preoccupation with intrahisforia: the position of the powerless mosses in relation to the motive forces of history. Jesuy’sA relationship with the common people whose interests she claims to represent is not extensively developed, since much of the action focuses on the tension that builds up between her and the middleclass social environment that she rejects. Consequently, there is relatively little attention paid here to representing the culture of machismo espanol. The comfortable bourgeois home in which the drama is set has none of the oppressiveness of the spaces used in the other plays and therefore less symbolic force, yet it comes to reinforce the suggestion that the protagonist is out of touch with the popular culture with which she identifies: inside the house ideas are Reebok Zigtech debated, conspiracies are hatched and deals are done, while the people who suffer the consequences most directly and physically remain largely unseen outside. The authenticity of Jesuy’s A commitment is first questioned by Josechu, one of the peasants who collaborates with her in the organization of the popular revolt. He stresses the contrast between the freezing squalor in which he is hiding out and the bourgeois comforts of Jesuyo’s house El vano oyer. She is defensive, anxious to prove her credentials and These of her husband as members of the pueblo: Es pueblo como lo somos nosotros. Es el general del pueblo. Nevertheless, her contempt for the smug complacency of Discount Reebok Shoes Cheap Reebok Zigtech respectable Restoration society as represented by her sister’s letter from Madrid and the tedious Reebok Easytone Shoes social gathering in the second act is dear enough. She enjoys shocking her bourgeois friends with her declarations of revolutionary fervour when the revolt breaks out: ‘Si, me he vuelto loca. Pero de alegria. Esos disparos son de los nuestros. El pueblo que nos troe la libertad. Y con ese pueblo estd mi cosa y estoy yo. Jesuy’sA standing in the eyes of the masses deteriorates drastically.

 when the uprising is ruthlessly put down and the guerrilla leader is killed. The mob surrounds the house, accusing her of treachery. Jesuyo becomes a pathetic figure, tortured by the idea that she has betrayed her people, her idealism made to look hollow, even melodramatic, her performance of popular cultural identity exposed as fake. She is denied even the possibility of heroic martyrdom, since Villacampa ignores her responsibility for setting off the revolt in order to trap her Reebok High Top Women Reebok Shoes husband, who coolly compliments his opponents on having played well as he accepts the Government’s offer. Jesuya is defeated, humiliated and irrelevant. Meanwhile, the mob in the street is in an ugly mood. Villacampa calmly orders the street cleared with maximum use of force, and delights in the spectacle of the Reebok Zigfuel dragoons slashing al the crowd with their sabres. The ordinary townspeople too are ultimately powerless and irrelevant, pawns in a brief, arcane power struggle. Apart from the appearance of Josechu and Espinosa in the first act, the pueblo has been present only offstage, their exclusion from the stage symbolizing their Reebok outlet  exclusion from power. The title of the ploy is another allusion to Antonio Machado’s Campos de Costilla. The lines from which it is token, from the poem El maiiana efimero, ore quoted of the beginning of the text: El vano ayer engendrard un maiiana vacio y por venture pasajero El vano ayer : title page. This poem, written in, is one of a series in which Machado reflects on the political and moral stagnation of Spain and on the ineffectuality of intellectual initiatives for change which prove to be out of touch with ordinary people. Rodriguez Mndez uses the phrase el vano oyer to suggest a judgement on the whole period of the Reebok Zigtech Restoration from the restoration of the Borbon monarchy in to Primo de River’sA coup in, or to the declaration of the Second Republic in. He sums up his view of the period in Comentarios impertinentes sobre el teatro espanol: La Restauracidn puso en marcha una politico de apariencia liberal que resultaba fiel heredera Reebok Easytone Shoes del despotismo ilustrado, es decir, que preconizoba un Gobierno poro el pueblo, ounque sin el pueblo b. At o time when the social consciousness and political organization of the masses were growing rapidly, an oligarchy of capitalists, landowners, bishops and generals attempted to keep revolution at bay through o corrupt constitutional system, protecting traditional interests behind a facade of progressive liberalism. Like leading members of the Generation of, Rodriguez Mendez condemns the fraudulence of the Restoration and the gulf between the rulers and the ruled, and it is these concerns that are brought out by El vano ayer. The dialogue of the Discount Reebok Shoes Cheap Reebok Zigtech first two acts reveals the essence of a range of middledoss attitudes that help to sustain the system: suspicion of lo dichoso politico domned polities, a phrase used by several characters fuelled by memories.